Transistors What Are They and How Do They Work

A transistor is an electronic component used in a circuit to control a large amount of current or voltage with a small amount of voltage or current. This means that it can be used to amplify or switch (rectify) electrical signals or power, allowing it to be used in a wide array of electronic devices. It does so by sandwiching one semiconductor between two other semiconductors. Because the current is transferred across a material that normally has high resistance (i.e. a resistor), it is a transfer-resistor or transistor. The first practical point-contact transistor was built in 1948 by William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter House Brattain. Patents for the concept of a transistor date as far back as 1928 in Germany, though they seem to have never been built, or at least no one ever claimed to have built them. The three physicists received the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work. Basic Point-Contact Transistor Structure There are essentially two basic types of point-contact transistors, the npn transistor and the pnp transistor, where the n and p stand for negative and positive, respectively. The only difference between the two is the arrangement of bias voltages. To understand how a transistor works, you have to understand how semiconductors react to an electric potential. Some semiconductors will be n-type, or negative, which means that free electrons in the material drift from a negative electrode (of, say, a battery its connected to) toward the positive. Other semiconductors will be p-type, in which case the electrons fill holes in the atomic electron shells, meaning that it behaves as if a positive particle is moving from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. The type is determined by the atomic structure of the specific semiconductor material. Now, consider an npn transistor. Each end of the transistor is an n-type semiconductor material and between them is a p-type semiconductor material. If you picture such a device plugged into a battery, youll see how the transistor works: the n-type region attached to the negative end of the battery helps propel electrons into the middle p-type region.the n-type region attached to the positive end of the battery helps slow electrons coming out of the p-type region.the p-type region in the center does both. By varying the potential in each region, then, you can drastically affect the rate of electron flow across the transistor. Benefits of Transistors Compared to the vacuum tubes that were used previously, the transistor was an amazing advance. Smaller in size, the transistor could easily be manufactured cheaply in large quantities. They had various operational advantages, as well, which are too numerous to mention here. Some consider the transistor to be the greatest single invention of the 20th century since it opened so much in the way of other electronic advancements. Virtually every modern electronic device has a transistor as one of its primary active components. Because they are the building blocks of microchips, computer, phones, and other devices couldnt exist without transistors. Other Types of Transistors There are a wide variety of transistor types that have been developed since 1948. Heres a list (not necessarily exhaustive) of various types of transistors: Bipolar junction transistor (BJT)Field-effect transistor (FET)Heterojunction bipolar transistorUnijunction transistorDual-gate FETAvalanche transistorThin-film transistorDarlington transistorBallistic transistorFinFETFloating gate transistorInverted-T effect transistorSpin transistorPhoto transistorInsulated gate bipolar transistorSingle-electron transistorNanofluidic transistorTrigate transistor (Intel prototype)Ion-sensitive FETFast-reverse epitaxal diode FET (FREDFET)Electrolyte-Oxide-Semiconductor FET (EOSFET) Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Pro Death Penalty Speech - 1595 Words

Pro Death Penalty Persuasive Speech It is October 1978 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Roger Stafford; his wife, Verna; and his brother, Harold entered the Sirloin Stockade restaurant and without any remorse or sympathy, brutally gunned down 6 people, 4 of them young teenagers.The gruesome scene depicted five bodie piled atop each other, their blood forming a slick pool that covered the floor and stained the surrounding boxes of ground beef patties and Wisconsin blue cheese. That was not Staffords’ first killings, less than a month before this trio of cold-blooded killers fatally shot a North Dakota family of three. Verna Stafford first lured the family driving in their car, pretending to be a stranded motorist.†¦show more content†¦Some are allowed to publish books while serving life sentences in prison. Many of these murderers brag about their sick crimes and some have even sent letters from prison to the victims families boasting how they enjoyed killing their loved one in gruesome detail. The family is forced to relive the crime again and again. The animals who committed a heinous crime of murder should not escape with lesser punishments and it is only logical to award him/her death penalty. Professor van den Haag, a psychoanalyst and adjunct professor at New York University had this to say â€Å"I hold life sacred, †¦I feel that anyone who takes some one’s life should know that thereby he forsakes his own† (qtd. in prodeathpenalty.com) If these killers are given life sentences or in some cases lesser jail sentences, these animals could be set free to kill again. They are a danger to society as studies have shown that 10% of people convicted of murder will indeed murder again. The victim s families and witnesses that may have testified in court live in fear of retaliation from the free murderer.Some prisoner s who are serving life sentences for murder have even escaped from prison. For example, Michael Rodriguez, sentenced only to life sentence for heinous murder, joined six other criminals in overpowering prison employees in Connolly, Texas in 2001.Show MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Death Penalty Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesDeath Penalty Pro Con Speech Introduction- What is capital punishment? Capital punishment is the death penalty. The death penalty can be dated back to the ancient times and is still prevalent and utilized today. When the topic of the death penalty is brought up it is certain to bring up a discussion and both sides of the argument are often heard. After being presented with facts, statistics and the findings, you will be better educated on the death penalty and will be able to adequately take a standRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is It A Cruel Murderer Or Just A Punishment?707 Words   |  3 PagesWhat are two sides of the death penalty?Is it a cruel murderer or just a punishment? Can not be a deterrent to crime? Capital punishment and the death penalty is the legally commissioned killing of someone as punishment for a crime. Capital punishment is used today and was used for many years to punish a diversity of offenses. Even the bible advocates death for murder and other crimes like kidnapping and witchcraft. When the word death penalty is used, it makes yelling and screaming from both sidesRead MorePersuasive Speech2117 Words   |  9 Pages                  Death Penalty: Good or Bad? Jasmine Garcia and Raymond Osuch Barry University                   Audience Analysis: Primary 1. What kind of problems run through my audiences mind? 2. What is the age range of my audience? 3. What religions do they practice? 4. Where is each audience member from? 5. How many more girls are there than guys are in my audience? Secondary 1. Why is this topic important to them?Read MoreThe Perspective On Abortion From A Utilitarian View933 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyzing the perspective on abortion from a utilitarian view is quite hot and cold. In this we weigh the pros and cons of each situation at hand. â€Å"When there are multiple choices with different utilities, or wen utilities conflict, we should always pick the greatest one.† (Weston p.151) If a person is to decide if a person be executed they must decide, which outcome is the superior one. Killing a man who is possibly innocent or keep them alive but they may not be innocent. In this situation notRead MoreKant and Mills on Capital Punishment Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment has raised debate in America since 1608. Both the â€Å"pro-â€Å" and â€Å"anti-â€Å" sides of the issue have strong arguments. Some believe killing is simply wrong, and violates universal human rights, others seek the only justice they deem appropriate, equal justice. I will examine the philosophies of Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill, with regards to their stance on the death penalty. John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806- 8 May 1873) was born in London, England. He was a renownedRead MoreTexas Is The Lone Star State And Lessons For America1607 Words   |  7 PagesTexas has been a booming success in recent years, even weathering the Great Recession in 2007-2008. Employment growth and businesses moving to Texas because of its low taxes, pro-business environment, and limited government have contributed to Texas’s rise to the financial top. These are factors that should be considered when trying to improve the United States government and economic system. Author of The Texas Model: Prosperity in the Lone Star State and Lessons for America, seasoned politicalRead MoreDon t Get Me Started On The Death Penalty1223 Words   |  5 PagesDon t get me started on the death penalty. I for one am against capital punishment, I think it is barbaric and cruel however I can understand why some may agree with the death penalty. Punishment by death. The sentence that someone be p unished in this manner is a death sentence. The death penalty was first introduced in the eighteenth century B.C. Under the code of the death penalty twenty-five crimes were punishable by death. These crimes included adultery and helping slaves escape. RemarkablyRead MoreThe Positive Effect of Capital Punishment in Modern America1642 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment in Modern America â€Å"I don’t think you should support the death penalty to seek revenge. I don’t think that’s right. I think the reason to support the death penalty is because it saves other people’s lives† (Bush). Capital punishment is one of the most controversial topics in the American society and is also one of the topics most people feel very emotional about. Everyone feels that their views are correct because there are many pros and cons to either side. Although some people believe theRead MoreEssay about Speech Against Capital Punishment1672 Words   |  7 PagesSpeech Against Capital Punishment Good Afternoon, I am honored to be here, and I thank you for having me. Today I would like to speak to you about a very controversial issue- capital punishment. What do those two words mean to you? To most people they mean a murder victims family receiving justice for their deceased. Let me see a show of hands. How many people in the audience believe in the death penalty? I conducted a weeklong survey of two hundred people of all ages. The purpose

Why We Crave Horror Paper Free Essays

Essay 5: Position Paper50 pts Description:4-5 pages, double-spaced, plus a separate MLA-format Works Cited page Skills:Everything! Due:First Draft:Friday, 10 December (in-class discussion) Final Draft:Monday, 13 December (Submit during Final Exam time: 2:45-4:45pm) Sources:Reading Critically, Writing Well (RC) pp. 517-534, 582-595; Stephen King, â€Å"Why We Crave Horror,† â€Å"Crouch End;† Fritz Leiber, â€Å"Smoke Ghost;† Algernon Blackwood, â€Å"The Empty House;† Noel Carroll, â€Å"The Nature of Horror† (optional)For your final paper, you will be required to make use of the above resources to explain, support, and defend your position against critique on the subject of horror in the absence of easily identifiable violence, gore, or monsters. You may argue with or against King and Carroll, or provide your own definition of horror and how it anticipates gore-less horror better than previous definitions. We will write a custom essay sample on Why We Crave Horror Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since there are no right or wrong answers in this discussion, you will be judged on the strength of your argument for your position and how you present your analysis. Assignment: ) Present the issue. †¢ Summarize the King and Carroll definitions of horror and their successes/failings. †¢ Establish your credibility by generously discussing previous arguments on the function of horror. o Make sure to avoid emotional/personal opinions and instead stick to the texts. 2) Assert your position. †¢ Give examples from the readings that fit well/do not fit with the definition of horror as presented by King and Carroll. o Critique your own analysis using any of the Developing Your Argument skills (RC pp. 360-361), as well as Evaluating the Logic of an Argument (p. 24-640. 3) Argue directly for your position. †¢ Continue to establish your credibility with your audience by showing how your position alters/upholds the definition of horror as established. o Be willing to take a side in the argument, but avoid setting up straw-man arguments for the opposition. Carroll and/or King don’t have to be wrong for you to be right.4) Critique any relevant counter-arguments, objections, questions, or alternatives. †¢ Since no position will be perfect, try to accommodate any concerns or issues relating to your discussion of horror. Options (you may choose one or all): ? Accommodation: modify your position to suit relevant objections. ? Refutation: show the reader that any likely alternatives will not be as effective in describing the function of horror as you see it. ? Integration: demonstrate how your position can work together with other options to provide a more comprehensive take on the horror genre.Criteria for Evaluation: †¢ Analysis: 20 points o Has a strong, focused explanation of the sources using RC skills learned so far. o Supports the initial thesis with evidence (i. e. details from the source) and offers in-depth analysis of those details. †¢ Sources: 10 points o Productively uses both the RC and the sources. o Features effective paraphrasing and selective quotation. †¢ Organization: 10 points o Offers strong topic sentences that logically develop and extend the analysis (i. e. , no random accumulation of facts or bullet-point narrative). o Proceeds logically from one point to the next in a climactic sequence. o Clearly links claims and evidence. o Uses smooth transitions between points. †¢ Readability: 10 points o Uses correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and MLA citation. How to cite Why We Crave Horror Paper, Papers

UVA- My Favorite Word free essay sample

What is your favorite word and why? My favorite word? Receipt. Of course, highly descriptive adjectives such as â€Å"incandescent,† â€Å"melancholic,† and â€Å"axiomatic† carry more ‘wow’ factor. But besides the obvious reasons, such as the way its silent ‘p’ dances, hidden, on a speaker’s lips, â€Å"receipt† reflects certain crucial aspects of my character. (Warning: the deed which I am about to confess may horrify some readers.) I planned my college application process on the back of a tiny, slightly creased Chinese restaurant receipt. Admittedly, this action seems quite unorganized and arbitrary, but more importantly, it mimics my inventive, carefree personality. In the past, I have tried to substitute a weekly planner and desktop calendar for my little receipt, but both alternatives failed to cooperate with my disposition. After covering the desk calendar with doodles and the weekly planner with pictures of friends, I decided to throw away both products with the half-hearted intention to try them again another day. We will write a custom essay sample on UVA- My Favorite Word or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That fateful Chinese restaurant receipt did not include in its list of purchases my fortune cookie, the inscribed adage of which reminded me that â€Å"a closed mind is like a closed book; just like a block of wood.† Even after my eternally ravenous Labrador took the liberty of swallowing the little piece of paper, I remembered its beautifully simple message. In life, I like to keep my mind as open as an open book, for it is only in this state that I may truly evolve as an individual, using the powers of optimism to skip off blissfully in the direction of my dreams.

Direct marketing Essay Example

Direct marketing Essay Direct marketing has a long history. It was emerged in the 15th century when an Italian printer was using direct marketing to sell books. McGraw Hill did a research amongst retailers to find out why people lose customers: (1) 4% of customers were lost because some customers died and others moved away to other places. (2) 5% were lost because of other company friendships. (3) 9% were lost to competition. (4) 15% were lost because of indifference, no contact, taking the customer for granted etc. The foundation of direct marketing is based on understanding this insight into why people lost customers. Because direct marketing is a way of marketing. It is oriented towards finding getting, keeping and developing customers one-to-one. Direct marketing is an attempt to approach the customers directly. It a personal approach to customers. It is much more personal than mass advertising and so it can be a key part of the development of relationships with customers. Direct marketing is the use of direct media to reach a target audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Direct marketing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Direct marketing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Direct marketing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Meaning of Direct Marketing Direct marketing consists of direct communications with carefully targeted individual consumers to obtain an immediate response. It is the use of telephone and non-personal media to communicate product and organizational information to customers who then can purchase products by mail, E-mail or telephone. Direct marketing can be defined as any mode of initiating and closing sale by using one-to-one but not face-to-face communication. Dray Bird, Vice Chairman, O M Direct World wide, defines marketing as, Any activity whereby you reach your prospect they respond to you directly. In the words of Dick Shaver, Direct marketing is like opening a store in print and managing it. Most people tend to equate direct marketing with direct mail. It is as ridiculous as saying advertising is equal to a newspaper. On the contrary,, direct mail is just a part of direct marketing; only a means to the end. FORMS OF DIRECT MARKETING The major forms of direct marketing are catalogue marketing, direct response marketing, home shopping, Kiosk marketing, telemarketing and online marketing. Catalogue marketing: In this, an organization provides a catalogue from which customers make selections and place orders by mail or telephone. Catalogue marketing began in 1872, when Montgomery Ward in USA issued its first catalogue to rural families. Today were are over 7000 catalogue marketing companies in USA. The advantages of catalogue retailing include efficiency and convenience for customers. The retailers can benefit by locating in remoting, low cost areas, saving on expensive store fixtures, and reduce personal selling expenses as well as store operating expenses. However, catalogue retailing is inflexible, provides limited service and is effective only for selected set of products. Direct response marketing: This occurs when a retailer advertises a product and makes it available through mail or telephone orders. Generally a buyer uses a credit card, but other forms of payment are acceptable. Examples of direct response marketing include a television commercial offering a recording artists musical collections available through a toll-free number, a newspaper or magazine advertisement for a series of childrens books available by filling out the forms in the advertisement or calling a toll-free number etc. Direct response marketing can also be achieved by sending letters, samples, brochures or book lets to prospects on mailing list and asking that they order the advertised products by mail or telephone. Television marketing: This was developed with the advent of cable T.V. TV viewers tuning into a cable shopping channel see a show where products are demonstrated by a host. Consumers can call the host while the show is on the air to ask questions about the product or purchase it. TV home shopping offers several benefits. Products can be easily demonstrated an viewers are well informed. Moreover, the customers can shop at their convenience from the comfort of their own homes. Kiosk Marketing: These are information and ordering machine placed in stores, airports and other location. These machines provide information about products and customers can order any product or item he or she likes through it. These machines provide customers with a quick way to determine the size, color, and style of products to fit their personal preferences. And other feature of this machine is that customers can choose, a harmful and printout photos, prices, features and location on the stores lot. Car Max, the used-car superstore in USA uses a kiosk with a touch-screen computer to give customers through the vast inventory of as many as 1000 cars and trucks. Thus kiosk is different from vending machines, which dispense actual products. Telemarketing This is a non-store retailing concern. This is also known as telephone retailing. As the same suggests telemarketing means sale of goods and service by telephone. This is the performance of marketing related activities by telephone. It involves both data base management and personal selling. Advances in telephone technology are partly responsible for the development of telemarketing. With low-cost wats line and computer dialing systems, firms can economically deliver their sales message to a large from investment services to computer systems. The head of direct marketing and Sales Promotion (UK), Phil Mounsey says, Telemarketing is to achieve business objectives in sales, customer care, market growth, promotions, market research, database building and cash flow management. A well-known example where telemarketing has been the major contributor to a companys success has been Fast Direct (UK), which provides a complete, backing system without a single branch. We can see that 80% of the UK top companies today include telemarketing in their customer communication mix. Telemarketing is the fastest growing form of direct marketing in UK, increasing in value by 20% a year. In UK 90% of all press advertisements aimed at generating a response now carry a telephone number. Mail order companies in UK have found that almost 90% of their business is now carried out over the telephone, sending in orders by post or mail has declined dramatically. Customers have found that the use of the telephone benefits them by speeding up the process of receiving goods from the mail order company. Types of Telemarketing: Telemarketing can be broken down into two classes 1. Outbound Telemarketing: Outbound Telemarketing occurs when companies place cold calls to potential customers that have not requested a sales call. 2. Inbound Telemarketing: This establishes phone line for customers to call in to place orders. Outbound telemarketing can generate a lot of criticisms because it interrupts family or business activities and can even pose a threat to safety by trying up a phone line needed in an emergency. If we have been bothered during dinner or roused from a deep sleep just to answer the phone and listen to someones sales pitch. We understand the criticism. Advantages of telemarketing 1. The marketer can reach a great number of customers. 2. Some times telemarketing is used by it self; in other selling methods. 3. It saves customers time. Advantages of Direct Marketing (Importance) Direct marketing is considered to be the most useful weapon to retain customers and add new ones. It is estimated that a 2% increase in customer retention could be the equivalent of a 10% reduction in manufacturing costs. This can be achieved through direct marketing. It is one-to-one marketing that is profitable for the customer and makes business sense for the marketer. In the initial years, it was the service sector, which relied on this medium to reach the target consumer. Companies such as Citi bank, ITCs hotel and cigarette divisions found direct marketing ideal to build a consumer base. Ogilvy One Worldwide is the pioneer in the direct marketing concept in India. Several companies cut their advertising budget and increase the direct marketing budget. This is so because it offers a number of advantages. Benefits to Customers 1. Convenience:- What most attracts consumers to the direct marketing is convenience. 2. Saving in time:- Direct marketing saves time shopping at home, especially busy times as Onam, X-Mas provides undeniable attraction. 3. Choice:- It introduces customers a large selection of products. They can do comparative shopping by browsing through mail catalogues and online shopping services, then order products for themselves or others. 4. Product information:- Industrial customers can learn about available products and services without waiting for and tying up time with sales force. Benefits to Sellers 1. Reduction in operating costs: Sales person need not be hired, trained or paid. Often businesses may be located in rural areas or unattractive industrial parks. 2. Consumer relationship: Direct marketers can buy mailing lists containing names of almost any group (millionaires, new parents, college students etc). They can then personalize an customize their messages. 3. Customer relationship: The real advantage of direct marketing comes form its interactive nature; it asks for a response. This enables to build an ongoing relationship with each customer. It helps retain old customers, which is cheaper than finding new ones. It can turn the consumer into a brand advocate. 4. Privacy: Direct marketing provides privacy. The offers and strategies of direct marketers are less visible to competitors. 5. Evaluation of media and messages: Direct marketing permits easy testing of alternative media and messages. Johnson ; Johnson is one of the most dynamic users of direct marketing. Avon cosmetics, Eureka Forbes etc, also use direct marketing successfully. Cypla, the Mumbai based Pharmaceutical company uses a well sorted database of doctors to reach them directly though express packages. One of the most well known case studies of successful direct marketing is Readers Digest. This magazine depends almost completely on direct marketing to not only increase its subscription base but also retain its franchise. Automatic Vending It is the use of machine to dispense products selected by consumers when money is inserted. Automatic vending machine sell products automatically. Vending machine permits the buyer to choose the products directly by paying the money to the machine. This means that the vending machines are the coin-operated, self-service machines. Products sold through vending machines include soft drinks edible oil, tea, coffee, cigarettes, newspaper, milk, platform tickets, chocolates, T-shirts etc. When a coin is inserted in a newspaper-selling machine, the required newspaper comes out of the machine. There is a separate vending machine for each type of product. Salesmen are not required. Automatic vending is also called automatic merchandising or robot selling Automatic vending is one of the most impersonal forms of retailing Machine vending is becoming popular particularly in advanced countries of the world. In Japan a wide variety of products are sold through vending machines. In USA according to the estimates of the National Automatic Merchandising Association, sales through automatic machines rose form $4.5 billion in 1967 to $ 6 billion in 1972 and $ 16.5 billion in 1984. In USA there are some 8000-machine operators operating more than 1, million machines. There is a vending machine for about every 40 people in USA. In UK there are over a hundred operators having sale of 20 million pound per year. In India machine vending it catching up. Vending machines are placed in railway stations, in exhibitions and on other special occasions. Vending machines are widely used to sell tea, coffee, ice creams, milk etc. generally low priced goods are sold through vending machines. Now Horlicks and Boost are available from vending machines. Price is Rs. 5 per 100 M L cup. Advantages of Automatic Vending 1. It involves little running cost. So it is economical. 2. It is very convenient for customers. It is found in a variety of handy locations such as college dormitories. It is open 24 hours a day. 3. It can be located even on the top of a hill where it is not feasible to setup any store. 4. it is great use in-plant feeding. It provides access to factories or offices where for strategic or other reasons the establishment of a manned store is not permissible. It is said that automatic machines at the General Electric Companys Cafeteria in Massachusetts satisfactorily provide snacks and meals to its 13500 employees. 5. It eliminates the use of sales people. These require small space for their installation. 6. The machine doesnt get tired but provides faithful services round the clock. 7. The machine is best suited for selling small sized products, having low unit value and low margin of profit, which it is inconvenient and expensive to sell through regular stores. 8. The chances of pilferage are much less. It can be used as a supplementary outlet by locating it in busy store. Disadvantages of Automatic Vending 1. Separate vending machines are required for each product. The machines are costly. Hence huge capital investment is needed. 2. The product should be standardized. 3. The machine requires feeding from time to time. 4. They dont take back the products once sold. 5. The maintenance cost of the machine in higher. 6. Many varieties of products such as cloth materials, bulky machines, books of the choice and the like are unsuitable for automatic vending 7. There is no scope for bargaining. 8. The machine may stop running due to mechanical faults and cause nuisance to customers. 9. The customer has to procure the specific type of coin for inserting into the machine. This mant be always be convenient. Database Marketing This is a form of one-on-one marketing. It is the process of building, maintaining and using customer database for the purpose of contacting, and transacting with customers. A customer database is an organized collection of comprehensive date about individual customers or prospects, including geographic, demographic, psychographics and behavioral data. The database can be used to locate good potential customers, tailor products and services to the special needs of targeted consumers and maintain long term customer relationship. Meaning of Online Marketing Online marketing is a part of e-commerce. Online marketing is conducted through interactive online computer systems, which link consumers with sellers electronically. It makes products available between buyers and sellers through computer connections. Many retailers are setting up home page on the Internets World Wide Web to disseminate information about their companies and products. There are two types of online marketing channels commercial online services and the Internet, Commercial online service offer online information and marketing services to subscribers who pay a monthly fee. When two or more computers or other devices are connected together so as to enable them to communicate with one another, they form a network. The largest network used for computers in the world is Internet. The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks. The Power of Internet as the global access tool was realized with the arrival of World Wide Web. Web is a recent addition to the Internet. Meaning of Internet Marketing/Cyber Marketing (or E-Commerce) Internet marketing or electronic commerce simply refers to buying and selling goods or services through the Internet. In simple terms, e-commerce is a process of two or more parties making business transactions through computer and some type of network. It is the actual buying and selling of goods and services electronically online. Swass defines e-commerce as the sharing of business information, maintaining business relationships and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunication network. Applegate L.M, view that e-commerce is more than simply buying and selling goods electronically. It involves using network communications technology to engage range of activities up and down the value-added chain, both within and outside the organization.

Right-Brain-Dominant Learning Styles

Right-Brain-Dominant Learning Styles Are you the creative type? Do you get bored easily when teachers lecture for more than thirty minutes at a time? Do you feel like you can size up people easily by watching them? If so, you may be right-brain dominant. Characteristics of Right-Brain Students You take notes but lose them. You may have a hard time keeping track of your research.You might have a hard time making up your mind.You are good with people.You dont fall for practical jokes as easily as some.You seem dreamy, but youre really deep in thought.You like to write fiction, draw, or play music.You might be athletic.You like mystery stories.You take time to ponder and you think there are two sides to every story.You may lose track of time.You are spontaneous.You’re fun and witty.You may find it hard to follow verbal directions.You are unpredictable.You get lost.You are emotional.You dont like reading directions.You may listen to music while studying.You read lying down.You may be interested in â€Å"the unexplained.†You are philosophical and deep. Your Classes and Your Brain In history class, you enjoy the social aspects most. You like to explore the effects of events that happened in history. You also enjoy essays.You can do well in math class if you apply yourself, but you get bored by long, complex problems. Keep at it! Youll be great with math if you practice enough.Science? Boring at first. But once you start learning more, you become intrigued.You do well in English class, especially when it comes to reading literature and writing essays about books. You also do well in creative writing assignments.Strong grammar skills may come naturally to you. Advice for Right Brain Students Choose to do personal essays  when you have the option. Youre great when you use anecdotal stories!Watch your daydreaming- keep it under control and dont let it become a procrastination tool.Let your imagination work for you in the arts.Let your intuition work for you in social situations. Use that gut instinct to your advantage.Let your deep thinking work for you during essay tests- but don’t ponder too long. Make a quick outline, then start to fill in the topics.Be creative with essays. You can use colorful language well.Use images and charts when you study.  Write down directions to help you remember.Try to be more organized!Don’t be overly suspicious of others.  Make outlines to organize your thoughts.Choose fiction in reading assignments.  Try to avoid teachers who lecture a lot; choose teachers who use activities.You tell stories well, so write some!Put information into categories for better understanding.Avoid getting bogged down by thinking of all possib ilities when answering questions. Go with your first instinct on a multiple choice exam! Finish things! You have so much talent, but you don’t always complete things. You have great instincts and survival skills. If you study hard, you might be a finalist on Survivor one day!

The role of the IMF in helping poor and debt-troubled countries Assignment

The role of the IMF in helping poor and debt-troubled countries - Assignment Example This role was cemented by the fall of the Soviet Union, where sovereign countries who were under the Soviet umbrella looked up to the IMF to reconstruct their battered economies. In 1999, the IMF remodeled its role from providing financial assistance to countries with low levels of income to reducing the rates of poverty and growing their economies (Bird 2). The IMF has established itself as a balance of payment institution. Many developing countries experience a persistent current account balance of payment deficit. It is important to note that not all countries with this problem turn to the institution for help. When a county cannot access external financing or private capital market, they turn to the IMF to settle the balance of payment deficit. Low reserve holdings have also been explained as the reason behind the use of IMF resources by low income countries. Poor countries have accounted for the largest proportion of the institution`s assistance between 1991 and 2002. They have additionally been described as having prolonged use of IMF resources (Bird 8). The institution`s role of lending to poor countries also helps to unlock external financing or rather serving as a catalyst for other institutions to lend to the countries concerned. By lending to a country, the IMF sends a signal indicating that the country has sound economic pol icies, investor confidence and a conducive environment for investment. With reference to the IMF, the conditions imposed are policies which should be met before a country can receive any funds. These conditions aim to guarantee that the member country will eventually be able to settle its balance of payment problems and at the same time repay the loan. The fund has two types of conditions with regard to lending to developing countries. It imposes quantitative and structural conditions. Quantitative conditions include macroeconomic goals which must be

Strategic public relation - Philadelphia Spread Cheese Research Paper

Strategic public relation - Philadelphia Spread Cheese - Research Paper Example e something that makes them noticeable from the crowd, something that makes them more attractive and fascinating to both the media and members of the public (Heath 103). A positive image can help augment a companys sales and unconstructive publicity can harm a companys reputation and decrease sales. Many people perceive PR as a way to turn news and information, thus portraying the news or information in the best possible way for the company (Doyle 2). For instance, if a company announces retrenchments, its PR department will allege that the company is cutting down on its costs and making itself more proficient to serve its customers better and offer lower prices (Walter 42). As long as it is true, then the PR section will be doing a great job of guarding its reputation and image. Stretching the true reality to create a positive image, on the other hand, can end up being damaging to the company if hyperboles or even half-truths are exposed (Jacque 4). The globalization of the food and beverage industry has transformed the process of producing and distributing food products in a way that clearly separates food production from food consumption (Agee 19). As a result of this circumstance, the links between productions and consumption are diverse and consist of elements of technology and heterogeneous socioeconomic producers, suppliers, and consumers (Lindenmann 3). In the current, very dynamic and multifaceted business environment, the importance of a product and its reinforcement is one of the key areas in the spotlight. The large, modern Middle East markets such as Saudi Arabia also show that significant further long-term growth is potentially high. This report sets out the market position of Philadelphia (philly – world-renowned cream cheese) cheese spread in UAE and Saudi Arabia. Philadelphia is a billion-dollar brand by Kraft. Philadelphia cheese spread is trying to break into the Middle East market. This report provides a background in which to view public

Holy Ghost Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Holy Ghost Religion - Essay Example â€Å"There is a large two story and of dark wood, with a steeply pitched roof, it appeared abandoned,† (Lienau 8). In principle, it detailed the setting of the documentary and how frightening the actions that would be done there were likely to be. The documentary shows a voice believed to be of a spirit detailing and interpreting the testimony of a woman. The voice analyses the character and testimony of the woman to the surprise of the believers. In brief, the story is about the Pentecostal Church that elaborates that punishments and disasters happen to people because of their sins and mistakes. For example, the people living with HIV/AIDs or rape victims are supposed to have sinned and therefore their difficulties are caused by their sins.Subsequently, the preacher then handles a snake and uses it as an example to elaborate the power of God over Satan or devil. When I look up about what does the snake represent in the Holy Bible I found that it represents the devil. So, in the event of the snake that would bite a person handling it would be used as an example to show the strength of Satan. I was surprised with that kind of comparison because it is obvious that God rule or control supreme and nothing or nobody can be compared to God.When I did my research, I realizedthat the church supposed to represent a place of holiness, righteousness and goodness. Hence, using this actions and stories such as the snake handling to show the power of God is inaccurate and misleading.

Apple Inc Impact On Generation Y Media Essay

Apple Inc Impact On Generation Y Media Essay Generation Y is often referred to as the echo boomers, internet generation, or even the iGen. These names come from the fact that since birth all of these children have always had access to technology no matter where they go. Stephanie Armour says Generation Y is young, smart, and rude. They may wear flip-flops to the office or listen to iPods at their desk. They want to work, but do not want work to be their life (Armour). Generation Y can also be described as ambitious, who also value their work life, they work good in groups and are media savvy, as well as being optimistic and globally conscious (Gordon). This is where the company Apple comes to play a major part in Generation Y lives. Apple Inc. has provided this generation with many different ways to be able to carry the internet in their pockets as they travel from place to place, such as the iPod, iPhone, and iPad. One main characteristic of Generation Y is that they love to be in control, and with these three items that Apple has created with I in front has proved that they are in charge of their item and they can personalize it and make it them. Apple has impacted Generation Y so greatly because it has allowed them to carry their music everywhere they go and it has changed the way that society communicates with the outside world, because it allows everyone to check emails, read the news, stay up to date on their favorite sports team, and even watch movies and play games. The impact that Apple has made on Generation Y has greatly changed the way that they listen to music more fashionably, the way they communicate with each other, and how they interact with the outside world through social media and has shaped the generation into what everyone knows them as, tech. savvy. Apple has been around for 30 years, it was first founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak (The History). The company produced personal computers that were found on the market such as the Apple brand, Macintosh and Power Mac computers. When the nineties came around the company experienced a decrease in the sales because of increasing companies and decided to do something different (The History). In 2001, Apple introduced the iPod which was one of the first MP3 players that could hold over 1,000 songs, allowing teens and even adults everywhere to listen to whatever they wanted, wherever they went which altered the music industry (30 Years). The iPod could hold 10 hours of battery life and fit in the pocket of any pair of pants, the iPod instantly replaced everybodys generic MP3 player. As the years progressed so did the iPod, in 2003 Apple introduced the iTunes store which allowed customers to purchase music, apps, and books online, while iPods could not hold video, this feature later became available in 2005 and then in 2007 the iPod became touch screen, practically just like the iPhone without the phone (Mallin Todd, 63-74). In 2007, the first iPhone was launched, loaded down with apps and memory for one to be able to find whatever they needed, and eventually hurt Apple because it decreased the need for a separate iPod because the phones acted as MP3 players as well (Mallin Todd, 63-74). Along with all of these other inventions Apple also came along with the invention of the iPad in 2010, which was somewhat like a portable computer all compacted into a 10-inch touchscreen tablet (Mallin Todd, 63-74). With all of these inventions came bugs and issues along the way Apple has also produced multiple versions of the iPod, iPhone, and even iPads, and today there is even an iPad mini. With all this technology evolving so does society and Generation Y, and the technology that is available impacts the way that the generation grows. In a blog written by Anastasia Goodstein on the NBCNEWS website, she talks about how Apple seemed dominate in the education market during the 1980s but that the biggest impact on teens was the creation of the iPod (Goodstein). When a survey is conducted on top of most teens list is an iPhone which is even put over cars on what is wanted most by teens (Goodstein). The love for iPod did not just happen overnight though, teens idolized Steve jobs and this was unusual for most teens (Goodstein). Goodstein talks about how research that was conducted by Viacoms teen network, found that apple is absolutely essential to teens (Goodstein). When interrupting a teens conversation, it is found that the main topic of it is the iPod. Most teens have a need for these items because it makes them cool. Music is a teens main love, it helps express who they are and release emotions that they have no other way of releasing. Apple provided teens with the ideal MP3 player eliminating what other generation s knew such as the Walkman or a CD Player, which they had to either listen to the radio or make a mix tape on their computers which took a huge amount of the day, but with the new invention of this MP3 player it allowed them to download songs without the whole album, and allowed them to create their own playlist on the spot without delay to what mood they were in that day (Goodstein). Apple not only gives the teen a way to express this need but they attract the teens through the use of their design. With solid white earphones against a black silhouette of a person dancing with jams blasting on a commercial attracts attention, causing teens to want this item because they want to have the lasted technology (Goodstein). A lot of the way that this item has made such an increase in sales is because they use teens as their marketing strategy. When teens are in high school, to be in the in-crowd, it is always essential to have the coolest items, so when one teen shows off their fancy new i Pod to their classmates they instantly run home telling their parents about the need and want for this item, and the teens value their friends opinion much more than that of an old person on TV talking about a MP3 player. The reason that this gadget has such an impact on the Generation Y and not any other generation is because they have a need for creativity and to not be the same as everyone else, which is one of the many characteristics of this generation. To add to the creation of the iPod, Apple decided to create the iPhone in 2007 which instantly impacted the way that Generation Y communicated with one another (Arthur). The iPhone is equipped with social media apps, news apps, shopping apps, and even bank apps. The iPhone has also allowed Generation Y to become lazy, with the advantages of doing things from smartphones they do not have to move, all that is required is the little movement of two thumbs. Unfortunately though the impact of the iPhone just does not affect how Generation Y communicates but it can also make many jobs obsolete. When the news can be found on your iPhone or iPod, the need for news casters becomes questioned. With the never ending creation of new apps for the iPhone this also produces less communication for each individual with the outside world. When walking into a college classroom before class begins, usually every student will either be checking the latest gossip on their macs, iPhones, or other technolog y that will allow them to use the internet, which proves that this generation is one to rely on technology for everything. Generation Y relies on the use of the internet to be able to do their everyday needs, first thing to do in the morning when waking up is to check what is going on with Facebook, twitter, and Instagram, it is required before any teen can even start their day. This has also changed the way their daily routines play out, Generation Y checks their phone when they wake up, checks it when they are out the shower, and even after they are done getting ready, again. This technology is glued to their hands. Today, 2.27 billion people use the internet every day, double what it was five years ago (Arthur). The iPhone just does not offer apps to stay with what is going on in the world but it offers many different means of communication. Teens have the option to make phone calls, text message, video calls, instant message and also social networking. Along with the negative im pact that the iPhone has made, it also can be looked at from a positive standpoint. The iPhone is a great way for communication especially in emergencies, because instead of having to send a text once to everyone, they have invented a group message where you can select multiple numbers and send a mass message out. While many other smartphones have just as much impact on Generation Y, the iPhone makes the biggest impact because of its flexibility and popularity with teens. Along with the invention of the iPod and the iPhone came the invention of the iPad, which has also been made better into an iPad 2 and even an iPad mini. The iPad is a seven to ten inch, thin touch screen device with full color display that can be used as a magazine or a book e-reader (What Does). It is also equipped with internet which allows it to be used to check Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube and it can even support a video game addict who wants to play on the go. The iPad ultimately offers everything that the iPhone does without the calling portion of the phone and it is also a bigger screen. The invention of this tablet can make things such as libraries suffer because it is great for books, magazines, and newspapers (What Does). Generation Y uses the iPad for many different things, it has become important a part of their lives. Generation Y has the opportunity to use their iPads as a text book but this is not necessarily a positive thing because along with the iPad like stated before there is twitter, Instagram, email, and Facebook, and if in the middle of reading the textbook or taking notes, they receive a notification for one of these social networking apps they are not going to turn down the option to check it. Generation Y is known to want to always be in the loop or know the latest news so that is what they do with these social networking apps. The iPad though which has these apps will draw the students away from their professors lectures or even hold them off on getting their homework or reading required done. The impact that the iPad makes on Generation Y is a negative one but can also be positive. The positive effects of this technology are the convenience and the amount of information that they are able to access. With the internet in the palm of the hand Generation Y is able to search the enter web database for whatever is needed, college libraries are even available online now and can easily get an article or book needed transferred through th e online database. Generation Y relies on Facebook as a guide in their day to day lives and it shows how many people are obsessed with what kind of reputation that they have online. Facebook is one of the main leaders in the online social world but this is a negative thing that happens. It is negative because Facebook can cause workers to be distracted and not perform their jobs correctly and a lot of the time people sit around on their phones getting in others business instead of doing something productive and this leads to many issues that Generation Y has faced. Facebook is not the only social networking app that has impacted Generation Y though. With the various apps that are available on the Apple technology, one interesting but creepy app is called Find my Friends, this allows the owner of the device and all their friends who have this app be able to find out exactly where their friends are and how far away they are from each other. This puts the consumer in control because they are allowed to hi de their location whenever they feel needed and make it visible whenever need and that is what Generation Y loves about technology. This app though is not the only way that Generation Y can be in control of their technology, on the iPhone they can choose if other iPhone users can see if they read their message, but this causes many issues throughout their lives. Apple Inc. has allowed Generation Y to have unlimited use to the internet and to any kind of technology they want, but in the long run this leads to a decrease in the rate of activity and this leads mental health issues. While the technology can cause mental health issues, it is a positive for some. IPhones and iPads are great for disabled people, they struggle their day to day lives to try to pay stuff and talk to people but with the internet available in the palm of their hand it makes life so much easier for them. The fact that Generation Y has lived their whole life with technology and it plays a major role in their day to day lives and will not only affect them now but it will affect their future. In conclusion, Apple Inc. has placed a strain on Generation Y and what obstacles and achievements they may face or can overcome. The company is perceived in a positive way; it allows an easier means of communication and is always readily available but with these positives also comes consequences. With the continues production of iPod, iPhone, and iPad, there will also be an increasing need for more technology and there is no telling what Apple will come up with next but with this increase also come more issues for Generation Y to face throughout their lifetime.

In this study I will be comparing the 2 poems, To Autumn and Ozymandias

In this study I will be comparing the 2 poems, To Autumn and Ozymandias. I have chosen these two poems because out of the four that we have looked at, I have found these to be the most interesting. In this study I will be comparing the 2 poems, To Autumn and Ozymandias. I have chosen these two poems because out of the four that we have looked at, I have found these to be the most interesting. Ozymandias revolves more around time than nature, whereas To Autumn revolves around nature more than time. Ozymandias is on the surface a nice little tale of a big bad man who made a statue that has been destroyed. However if you probe at it, you realise that it is actually all about time and nature destroying everything. I shall go into this further later. To Autumn would, at first glance, seem to be simply about Autumn and how it is the "close-bosom friend of the maturing sun" but if you look in detail at the words used you can see that there is an underlying tone that is far more grim. Both poems have both rhyme and rhythm. In Ozymandias, there are 10 syllables per line, except one, where there are 11. In To Autumn, there are also, about 10 syllables per line. As a result the rhythm in both is pretty constant. As well as rhythm, they have rhyme. In Ozymandias, the rhyme is the end of lines 1 & 3 & 5, 2 & 4, 6 & 8, 7 & 10, 9 & 11 & 13, and 12 & 14. In To Autumn the end of all lines in each stanza do rhyme with at least one other, in this way: 1st & 3rd, 2nd & 4th, 5th & 9th & 10th, 6th & 8th, 7th & 11th. This pattern is repeated in each stanza. Ozymandias is simply a big single stanza; To Autumn however is a poem with 3 stanzas. But these do not really seem to flow together. They rather seem to be almo... ...zymandias talks more about the strength of time, whereas To Autumn talks about how Nature, and in particular, Autumn are forces that provide much in the world. If you are someone who doesn't class a poem as a poem unless it has rhyme, rhythm, poetic language, sound patterns etc, then you are far more likely to prefer To Autumn, because it is much more the poet's poem than Ozymandias. I personally prefer Ozymandias, because it has great power. Although it doesn't have much in the ways of standard poetic tools, it does have rhyme and rhythm, as well as a deep and strong message. Self-Criticism - Not enough actual comparison, too much just talking about the poem. - Used the words 'think' and 'believe' to often Is that even a word? - It doesn't read well, it jaws, I have obviously just looked at what to write and written about it just like that.

Project of Consumer Perception on Branded Shirts

CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MBA DEGREE OF BANGALORE UNIVERSITY. SUBMITTED BY VIKRANT JAGANNATH Reg. No – 04XQCM6118 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PROFESSOR JAI RAJ NAIR M. P. BIRLA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT (ASSOCIATE BHARATIYA VIDYA BHAVAN) BANGALORE – 560001 1 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. DECLARATIONI hereby declare that the research work embodied in this dissertation entitled CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS † has been carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Professor Jai Raj Nair, M. P. B. I. M. , Bangalore. I also declare that this dissertation has not been submitted to any University or Institution for the award of any Degree or Diploma. Place: Bangalore Date: 2nd June 2006 VIKRANT JAGANN ATH (O4XQCM6118) 2 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the research work embodied in the dissertation entitled â€Å"CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS † has been undertaken and completed by Vikrant Jagannath under my guidance and supervision. I also certify that he has fulfilled all the requirements under the covenant governing the submission of dissertation to the Bangalore University for the award of MBA degree. Place: Bangalore (Prof. Jai Raj Nair) nd Date : 2 June 2006 3CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that this dissertation is an offshoot of the research work undertaken and completed by VIKRANT JAGANNATH under the guidance of, Professor Jai Raj Nair M. P. B. I. M. Bangalore. . Place: Bangalore Date : 2nd June 2006 (Dr. N. S. Malavalli) Principal, MPBIM 4 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BR ANDED SHIRTS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am happy to express my gratitude to Dr. N. S. Malavalli, (Principal, M. P.Birla Institute of Management), for their encouragement, guidance and many valuable ideas imparted to me for my project. I extend my sincere thanks to Professor Jai Raj Nair MPBIM, Bangalore for providing me all the information required and the guidance throughout the project without which this project would not have been possible. I would also like to sincerely thank all my lecturers and my friends for their help in completing my project successfully. (VIKRANT JAGANNATH) Reg No. 04XQCM6105 5 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Consumer awareness of styling issues and the convenience afforded by the ready to wear helped the readymade garment industry make small inroads into the domestic market in 1980’s. The total sales of clothing wears this fiscal which would turn out to be about 30% of the total readymade market. The b randed wear market has shown a substantial growth about 20% every year in recent times and is expected to contribute more than Rs90 billion The research was conducted on the consumers of premium branded ready made formal shirts in the city of Bangalore.The research due to the constraints of place, Time and Financial and other resources was restricted to Bangalore City alone. The research is aimed at understanding the following aspects related to Consumer Perception and Brand Preference For Premium Branded Readymade Formal Shirts. This project deals with the customers personal aspects like occupation sex age group . It also deals with the customers personality like the newspapers magazines and various factors that influence him while making a purchase of a formal shirt. It includes comparison of ix brands namely Van – Heuisen, Louis Phillipe, Arrow, Allen Solly, Zodiac and Park Avenue. The methodology followed is questionnaire method with a total sample size of 50 respondents, The data is tabulated and graphically represented through histograms, pie-charts, line graphs etc. Findings and recommendations are listed at the end of this project. 6 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. FUTURE SCENARIO OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY The agreement on textiles and clothing would cease to exist from DEC. 31 2004 and textiles would be integrated into the WTO.This will change the contours of the global textile trade as the key markets would be up for grabs for those supplying countries that have the competitive advantage. The textile manufactures worldwide are gearing up to face the post-2004 challenges. The Indian textile and clothing industry, undoubtedly a global textile powerhouse hither to constrain by the quotas, is expected to emerge stronger. It is expected by 2010, the Indian textile and apparel industry can achieve a potential size of $ 85 billion from the current size of $ 36 billion. With a projected increase in per capita cons umption from 19 meters to 32 meters, the domestic market potential would be $45 billion. ? On the domestic front, the fast growing economy and even faster growing middle class with higher disposable income have the potential to drive per capita consumption level increases and stimulate an 8% volume growth and an 9% value growth. ? Nearly 60% of the exports would comprise garments. ? Over 35%of India’s exports would be from textiles. ? Over 12 million new jobs would be created- 5 million jobs through direct employment in textile industry and another 7 million jobs in allied sectors. CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. India has all the key ingredients required to take advantage of the emerging opportunity. In segments like cotton textiles, India’s position is much stronger. The centre has initiated technology mission on cotton to improve productivity, Quality of cotton and to reduce cost of cultivation to make cotton cultivation remunera tive to farmers. A well-defined strategy will enable the textile industry to shift focus to value added products. The greatest value addition in the textile value chain s generated in the apparel segment. Apparel would therefore need to be the main thrust segment. The focus on value addition will also automatically ensure development and growth of upstream segments of the textile value chain. Processing is the weakest links in the entire textile value chain though it is a critical segment that determines the quality of the fabric or apparel. The government should create an enabling environment conductive to attracting large investments. It should focus and removing the system anomalies, develop infrastructure capabilities, develop port nfrastructure to handle large containerized vessels and continue to pursue reforms in the power sector at a faster pace to enable textile industry to get quality power at competitive tariffs visa vise competing countries like China and Pakistan†¦ Etc. In India, power cost is as high as 15% for spinning mills where as in neighboring competing countries it is around 7%. Unless government takes immediate measures to improve on this fronts textiles will suffer badly in years to come. The expansions are happening in keeping with the new projects coming up in weaving and processing. The spring 8CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. spinning capacity is likely to go up at least 1. 3 to 1. 4 millions spindies by next year. The cotton-spinning sector is also moving into value added yarns mercedised yarns, compact yarns, dyed yarns. The production of the value added yarns will go up to 50% of the total yarn production in the coming three to four years. There is no doubt that the textile industry is going to be a sunrise industry in post MFA (Multi Fibre Agreement) era. 9 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. THE READY-TO-WEAR REVOLUTIONTraditionally, Indian’s prefer custom made clothing and the concept of readymade is relatively recent one. the customized tailoring units were localized to the township or city that they were located in and catered exclusively to the domestic demand. Consumer awareness of styling issues and the convenience afforded by the ready to wear helped the readymade garment industry make small inroads into the domestic market in 1980’s. A growing share of younger consumerism the spending population, who are most open to converting to ready to wear, fueled the growth of the readymade garment industry in subsequent years.Increasing exposure to various media also provided an impetus in terms of greater access to fashion trends from outside the country. At the manufacturing end, improvements in the availability and quality of fabrics for apparel assisted in catering to the growing demand. 10 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. THE BRANDED WEAR MARKET The total sales of clothing wears thi s fiscal which would turn out to be about 30% of the total readymade market. The branded wear market has shown a substantial growth about 20% every year in recent times and is expected to contribute more than Rs90 billionTRENDS IN THE READY TO WEAR MARKET The overall men’s wear market is growing at 6% in the premium segment. Total men’s wear consumption in 2003-2004 is likely to be around 1405 million pieces of which 845 million (61%) will be ready-mades and 551 million (39%) will be tailor-made. 11 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING CONCEPT Marketing is a comprehensive term and it includes all resources and a set of activities necessary to direct and facilitate the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumer in the process of distribution.Therefore marketing as a functional area of management is becoming increasingly important as compared to other fields. In management, all decisions in moder n business organization revolve around the marketing information. In modern business organization finance, personnel, production and R&D might be the door to success but marketing is the key with turns the lock. Consider any business decision, we find the critical input needed for this purpose in the marketing information. This information can be collected and utilized using marketing research techniques.MEANING AND DEFINITION OF MARKETING RESEARCH The term marketing research is a systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problems connected with the market place i. e. , problems relating to the product, price, promotion and physical distribution of the marketing mix. Philip Kotler the marketing guru defines marketing research as â€Å"Marketing research is a systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situations facing the company†. 12CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. OBJECTIVES OF MARKETING RESEARCH ? Marketing research is used in the formulation of all marketing plans, policies, programs and procedures. ? It is employed for evaluation of these plans, policies†¦ Etc when they are brought into practice. ? It is used in reducing and minimizing all marketing costs, particularly selling, advertising, promotion and distribution costs. ? Programs of marketing research incidentally provide insurance cover for the survival and growth of the business in a dynamic economy. Marketing management through research can bring about the sale of the right product, through right channels to the right customers at the right places, at the right prices by evolving right plans, polices, and programs with the help of the right personnel. ? The main objective of marketing research is to enable the manufacturers to make goods acceptable and saleable and to see that they reach the market more easily, quickly, cheaply and profitable with out sacrificing the c onsumer interest. 13 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS EFFECTIVE MARKETING RESEARCH INVOLVES FIVE STEPS: Defining the problem and research objectives. Developing the research plan. Collecting the information. Analyzing the information. Presenting the findings. MANAGEMENT’S USE OF MARKET RESEARCH Inspite of the rapid growth of marketing research, many companies still fail to use it efficiently. Several factors that stand in the way of its greater utilization are: ? A narrow conception of marketing research. ? Uneven caliber of market research. ? Late and occasional erroneous findings by marketing research. Intellectual differences. 14 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION Madura Garments established in 1988 as a part of Coats Viyella's (U. K) garment division. In December 1999, Indian Rayon and Industries Ltd. an Aditya Birla group company acquired Madura Garments. Madura Garments is one of the fastest growing branded apparel companies with a turnover of Rs. 395 crore at a blistering growth rate of over 30% per annum. Madura Garments is the undisputed leader in high quality readymade Menswear industry in South Asia. 15CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. The chronological developments listed below weave its success story 1989: Louis Philippe launched – The first national up market men's shirt. 1990: Launch Of Van Heusen – It was positioned as international corporate wear. 1993: Allen Solly Launched – Introduced the Friday Dressing concept. 1996: Launch Of Peter England – Became the largest selling shirt brand in South Asia. 1998: San Frisco Launched -Launched as the Great Trousers that last. 2000: Trouser Town – The Retail Concept store was launched as the â€Å"Readymade Trouser Expert. 2000: Elements, casuals from the House of Peter England was launched. 2001: Planet Fashion s launched -Mega store for Menswear – housing all Madura brands. MISSION To continuously enhance leadership position in the branded ready-made apparel market by marketing brands that continuously provides the Best Value to consumers in terms of fashion, design, quality, availability & image. To continue to be South Asia's leading clothing company by sustaining world-class standards of quality, customer service and design. 16 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.VALUES Competitive Ability Quality Service & Value Taking Advantage of Change Committed People Clear Objectives Simple Organization Openness Responsibility/Empowerment Premium brands under MADURA GARMENTS Louis Philippe Van Heusen Allen Solly 17 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Madura Garments was the first to launch an International menswear brand label in South Asia when it launched Louis Philippe in 1989. Louis Philippe has the distinction of being t he first to introduce in India, a super premium segment in the readymade hirt industry. Louis Philippe's range of superbly crafted garments makes an exclusive fashion statement that is accepted as the Ultimate Status Symbol, recognized by the unique identifier, â€Å"The Upper Crest†. 18 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Van Heusen was introduced in 1990, a brand targeted at Corporate Executives. Very soon, it became the preferred corporate wear, redefining corporate attire through constant product innovations and collections. 19 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.The Allen Solly brand has been in existence since 1744 and is currently a trademark of William Hollins & Co. Ltd. , England. Through association with Friday Dressing in India, this International brand is today the symbol of a genre that has rescued business dressing from a dip in corporate starch. For the soul that questions corporate formality, the brand provides a well-dressed way out. 20 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF HISTORY Incorporated in 1925, the Raymond Group is a Rs1400 crore plus conglomerate having businesses in Textiles, Readymade Garments, Engineering Files &Tools, Prophylactics and Toiletries. The group is the leader in textiles, apparel, & files & tools in India and enjoys a pronounced position in the international market. Raymond believes in Excellence, Quality and Leadership. Raymond Apparel Ltd. has three highly regarded menswear brands in its folio: Park Avenue, Parx & Manzoni. 21 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. The most respected brand in the formal menswear category in India. A trendsetter ever since its launch, Park Avenue's innovations in design, styling, colours and fashion has always been the benchmark for other brands.Park Avenue is the only brand that provides complete wardrobe solutions for men. With its unique colle ction of suits, jackets and trousers, Park Avenue has successfully addressed the needs of the corporate czar. The Park Avenue product portfolio includes: Shirts ? Trousers ? Suits ? Jackets ? 22 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Park Avenue shirts cover the widest spectrum of colours, fabrics and designs made in 100% cotton as well as cotton blends. Park Avenue shirts comes in a range of solid shades in plain and twill weaves as well as checks and stripes in white- and colour-based designs.Classically designed shirts with regular collar, button down collar and cutaway collar options complete this very exquisite range. Sub-brand Park Avenue Platinum occupies the top position in upper-crust clothing. These are 100% cotton shirts in contemporary designs available in the latest and trendiest international pattern and styles. New collections under Park Avenue The Classic Dress Shirt Fine Tech Shirts Evening Wear shirts Leisurewear shirts 100% wrinkle fr ee shirts 23 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.A BRIEF HISTORY The company started business with export of readymade garments to Europe in the early '60s, which included mainly ties and shirts. For many decades, Zodiac has been synonymous with ties. The business of ties is a high fashion business and Zodiac has taken this to new highs in India and across the globe. In fact, one can say that in India Zodiac is generically associated with ties. Following Zodiac's huge success with ties, the company entered the arena of men's accessories with Cuff links, Belts, Wallets and Handkerchiefs.In 1973, Zodiac had a stand-alone exclusive shirt shop in Hotel Taj in Mumbai. The company then entered the domestic shirt segment in late '80s. Shirts and ties being the main areas of focus. In addition to the above products, Zodiac has today added quality trousers in its arsenal and with their new brand ZOD! Have opened up a whole new segment in the country- â€Å"Cl ub wear†. 24 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. ZODIAC SHIRTS Zodiac is one of the largest shirt companies in the world and sells quality shirts to the best stores across the globe.Zodiac has been a quality manufacturer of fashion garments for the last 47 years and is considered to be one of the finest quality shirt makers. All shirts are made from the finest fabrics sourced worldwide to give quality, value for money products. Zodiac shirts offer quality at affordable prices ranging from Rs545 to Rs2,200. Zodiac has also being awarded the Most Admired Neckwear Brand Award of the year at the prestigious ‘Images Fashion Awards 2000†². Zodiac, is today, the largest selling shirts & tie brand at Shopper's Stop according to Brand Equity (The Economic Times) 5 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF HISTORY The Arvind Mills Limited is the flagship company of Rs. 20 billion (US$ 550 million) of the Lalb hai Group. The Lalbhai Group, founded by three Lalbhai brothers-Kasturbhai, Narottambhai and Chimanbhai in 1908, has grown to become one of India's most diversified business houses, with a significant presence in the textiles, ready-to-wear, agrochemicals and telecom industries in India. Each company in the group, in its own way, pursues a single mission- to be the benchmark in its' industry.To achieve this, they have tied-up with a variety of companies†¦ all world leaders in their respective fields. Renovision and Technology have brought them to where they are today-one of the top ten manufacturers of Denim in the world, on their way to becoming global textile conglomerate. BRAND UNDER ARVIND MILLS 26 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION With a heritage spanning over 150 years, Arrow – the premium men’s wear brand has come to be recognised as the leader in men’s fashion. Having conquered the American mar ket, The Arrow Company, a division of Cluett Peabody & Co.Inc. , USA entered India in 1993. Since then, the brand has gained immense popularity in India and is the most sought after premium shirt for the savvy, fashion conscious Indian men. Arrow, brought to India by Arvind Brands, has been the voice of authority in formal dressing that understands the wardrobe requirements of its discerning male customers. Arrows offerings are aimed at working executives who believe in power dressing. The target customer for Arrow customers is an achiever in his respective field and wants only the best, be it a pen or the vehicle he drives.The brand has constantly worked on its product range and brought out collections that become synonymous with elegance and class. The Arrow wardrobe is available in four ranges: Americas Classic, Americas Premium, Americas Sport and Urban from Arrow. 27 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. ARROW WARDROBE Premium- This range has garm ents that are made with 100% 2-ply cotton and undergoes ETI treatment for a wrinkle-free effect. 2-ply yarn is more durable, stronger and lasts longer. This means the shirt lasts longer and looks better.This label includes international designs, a muted colour palette, twotone fabrics and stylish collars. Classic- Arrow believes that cotton is the best fabric against ones skin as it is soft, breathable and 100% natural. As a result, Arrow has taken a policy decision that even the Classic range will offer the consumer only 100% cotton. Sportswear- This range is made of 100% cotton in sporty finishes, indigo knits, soft washes, fine fabrics and a sophisticated palette. Americas Sport range offers a series of khakis, indigos and peached fabrics. The range is supported by peached tussore trousers with fashionable styling.The range includes shirts, trousers, knits and jackets. Urban- Arrow’s urban collection is created for the man with an innate sense of style and fashion. The col lection is meant to be worn at social gatherings. It uses a cotton lycra blend and the shirts are tapered with a narrow fit and an international collar. Arrow offers wardrobe solutions and not just shirts. Through its various collections it caters to the different moments in a mans life office wear, After-office wear, weekends and social events. 28 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. DESIGN OF THE STUDYThe second chapter is focused on details about how the research was conducted with information on the following aspects. ? Scope of the research ? Statement of the problem ? Objectives of the research ? Design of the research SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH The research was conducted on the consumers of premium branded ready made formal shirts in the city of Bangalore. The research due to the constraints of place, Time and Financial and other resources was restricted to Bangalore City alone. The research is aimed at understanding the following aspects related to Consumer Perception and Brand Preference For Premium Branded Readymade Formal Shirts. Impression of Branding ? Brand awareness ? Brand Loyalty ? Influencing Factors In Purchase decisions ? Advertisement effectiveness 29 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The corporate community of today’s world has come to realize the power of branding and tapping changing consumer perception as a tool for substantial Competitive advantage over other similar companies operating in the industry and the most comprehensive concept of branding is building the companies as Brands.But in the case of ready-to-wear garments industry, Branding always has and will plan an key role and thus the research tries to confirm to the statement. This is the reason why the research is trying to answer the question, ? Whether branding plays a vital role in purchase of premium branded readymade formal shirts? ? Whether companies are providing the product with changing consumer perception and needs? 30 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH ? To study the consumer perceptions towards premium branded readymade formal shirts. Brand awareness. ? Impact of brand image. ? The factors influencing the purchase behaviour. ? The satisfaction levels of consumer of premium branded readymade shirts. ? To measure the impression of advertisement. ? To know expectations of consumers from premium brands. 31 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. DESIGN OF THE RESEARCH The research was designed to achieve the above mentioned objectives and the following tools were used to collect the required data. ? ? ? ? Sampling method sampling frame Sample Size Data collection Methods SAMPLING METHODA sample is considered during a research when the size of the population is very large and a set is chosen to represent the whole population, this set is called a sample is a repres entative of the population under study. Similarly, a sample was chosen for the research and was chosen by a simple random sampling. SAMPLING FRAME The sample frame represents the groups of respondents that were contacted during the survey it also represents the profession of the respondents that were connected for data. SAMPLE SIZE The total sample size for the data collection for the research was 50 respondents. 2 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Data Collection Methods: The sources of data collection are: 1. Primary Data: Primary Data is the first hand information collected during the research. These are the original observations collected from the targeted segment of different methods. The Primary Data is collected through structured questionnaires and Direct Interview. 2. Secondary Data: The Secondary Data is collected through the materials given by the organization, books, journals, Business magazines and Internet.Tools for Data Collection: S tructured Questionnaires were the tools for data collection. The Questionnaire was neatly designed and constructed for the purpose inline with the objective of the study. 33 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 1 Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their age group. Age Group (years) No. of Respondents Percentage (%) 18-25 25-35 35-45 > 45 Total 30 13 03 04 50 60 26 06 08 100 Graph No. 1 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their age group.No. of Respondents 3 4 18-25 Years 25-35 Years 13 35-45 Years 30 >45 Years Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that 30 (60%) respondents are in the age group of 18-25 years, 13 (26%) respondents are in the age group of 25-35 years, 3 (6%) respondents are in the age group of 35-45 years, 4 (8%) respondents are in the age group of above 45 years. 34 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 2 Table indicating the gender of the respondents. Gender No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Male FemaleTotal 45 05 50 90 10 100 Graph No. 2 Graph indicating the Gender of the respondents. No of respondents 5 Male Female 45 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that 45 (90%) of respondents are Male and 5 (10%) respondents are Female. 35 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 3 Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their educational qualification. Educational Qualification No. of Respondents Percentage (%) S SL C PUC Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Total 00 00 17 25 8 50 00 00 34 50 16 100 Graph No. 3 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their educational qualification. No of respondents 8 Post Graduate SSLC 25 PUC 17 Under Graduate UG 0 Graduate SSLC 0 0 Post Graduate 10 20 30 40 50 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph the educational qualification of the respondents. 17 (34%) resp ondents are Under-Graduates, 25 (50%) respondents are Graduates, 8 (16%) respondents are Post Graduates. 36 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 4Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their Occupation. Occupation No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Self Employed Salaried Student Others Total 10 17 13 10 50 20 34 26 20 100 Graph No. 4 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their occupation. No of respondents 10 10 Self Em ployed Salaried Student 13 17 Others Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph with reference to their occupation. 10 (20%) respondents are Self-Employed, 17 (34%) respondents are salaried, 13 (26%) respondents are Students and 10 (20%) respondents are in other occupation. 7 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 5 Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their Annual income. Annual income (Rs) No. of Respondents Per centage (%) < Rs50,000 Rs50,000-1,00,000 Rs1,00,000-3,00,000 >Rs3,00,000 Total 11 14 09 16 50 22 28 18 32 100 Graph No. 5 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their Annual income. No. of Respondents 22% 32% Rs 3,00,000 Inference:It can be inferred from the table and graph with reference to their Annual Income, 11 (22%) respondents Income is Below Rs50,000 14 (28%) respondents income is between Rs50,000-1,00,000, 9 (18%) respondents income is Rs1,00,000-2,00,000, 16 (32%) respondents income is above Rs3,00,000. 38 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 6 Table indicating the different News Paper read by the respondents. News Paper No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Times Of India Deccan Herald Vijay Times Economic Times Others 39 21 19 13 16 78 42 38 26 32 Graph No. 6Graph indicating the different News Paper read by the respondents. No. of respondents 50 45 40 39 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Times Of India Deccan Herald 21 Vijay T imes 19 13 16 Economic Times Others Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 39 (78%) respondents read Times Of India, 21 (42%) respondents read Deccan Herald, 19 (38%) read Vijay Times, 13 (26%) read Economic Times and 16 (32%) respondents read other News papers like Indian Express, Business Times†¦etc. 39 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 7 Table indicating the different Magazines read by the respondents.Magazines No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Business Today Business World India Today Sports Star Others 28 22 39 13 16 56 44 78 26 32 Graph No. 7 Graph indicating the different Magazines read by the respondents. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 30 28 25 20 15 10 5 0 Bus ine s s toda y 39 Bus ine s s W orld India Toda y 22 13 16 Sports Star Othe rs Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 28 (56%) respondents read Business Today, 22 (44%) read Business World, 39 (78%) read India Today, 13 (26 %) respondents read Sports Star and 16 (32%) read other Magazines such as Inside Cricket†¦etc. 0 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 8 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. Premium Brands Van Heusen Louis Philippe Park Avenue Allen Solly Zodiac Arrow Others No. of Respondents 24 36 26 31 20 23 12 Percentage (%) 48 72 52 62 40 46 24 Graph No. 8 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. No. of respondents 50 45 40 35 30 25 24 20 15 10 5 0 Van Heusen Louis Phillipe 36Park Avenue 31 26 20 Allen Solly 23 12 Zodiac Arrow Others Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 24 (48%) respondents are aware of Van Heusen, 36(72%) respondents are aware of Louis Philippe, 26 (52%) are aware of Park Avenue, 31 (62%) respondents are aware of Allen Solly, 20 (40%) respondents are aware of Zodiac, 23 (46%) respondents are aware of Arrow and 12 (24%) respondents are aware of other brands like John Players, Dockers, Indigo Nation†¦etc. 41 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 9Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts through different media . Media No. of Respondents Percentage (%) TV News Paper Magazines Hoardings Friends/Relatives Retail Outlet 36 32 22 14 23 12 72 64 44 28 46 24 Graph No. 9 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts through different media. No. of respondents 50 45 40 35 36 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 TV News Paper 32 Magazines 23 22 14 Hoardings 12 Friends/Relatives Retail Outlet Inference:It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 36 (72%) respondents came to know the brands through TV, 32 (64%) respondents through News Papers, 22 (44%) respondents through Magazines, 14 (28%) respondent s through Hoarding, 23 (46%) respondents through word of mouth [Friends/Relatives] and 12 (24%) respondents through retail Outlets. 42 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 10 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the media impressed them to purchase Premium Branded Formal Shirt. Media No. of Respondents Percentage (%) TVNews Paper Magazines Hoardings Others Total 12 08 11 07 12 50 24 16 22 14 24 100 Graph No. 10 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the media impressed them to purchase Premium Branded Formal Shirt. No. of respondents 24 24 TV News Paper Magazines 14 16 Hoardings Others 22 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 12 (24%) respondents are impressed through TV ads. 8 (16%) respondents through News Papers, 11 (22%) respondents through Magazines, 7 (14%) respondents through Hoardings and 12 (24%) respondents are impressed by others like word of mouth†¦. Etc. 4 3CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 11 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the advertisement recalled by them of various brands. Premium Brands Van Heusen Louis Philippe Park Avenue Allen Solly Zodiac Arrow Others No. of Respondents 12 28 22 16 14 26 08 Percentage (%) 48 72 52 62 40 46 24 Graph No. 11 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the advertisement recalled by them of various brands. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 12 5 0 Va n He us en Louis Phillipe Pa rk Ave nue 28 26 22 16 Allen Solly Zodia c 14 8 Arr owOthe rs Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 12 (24%) respondents recall the ads. of Van Heusen, 28 (56%) respondents of Louis Philippe, 22 (44%) respondents of Park Avenue, 16 (32%) respondents of Allen Solly, 14 (28%) respondents of Zodiac, 26 (52%) respondents of Arrow and 8 (16%) respondents recall the Ads. Of other brands like John Player s, Indigo Nation †¦etc. 44 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 12 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the appeal of advertisement of various brands. Appeal No. of Respondents Percentage (%)Brand Name Style Durability Comfort Others Total 21 06 08 12 03 50 42 12 16 24 06 100 Graph No. 12 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the appeal of advertisement of various brands. No. of respondents 3 Brand Name 12 21 Style Durability Comfortness Others 8 6 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 21 (42%) respondents feel the ads. are appealing to Brand Name, 6 (12%) of respondents as Style, 8 (16%) of respondents as Durability, 12 (24%) of respondents as Comfort, 3 (6%) of respondents as others. 45 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 3 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the extent of ads. played role in purcha se of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. Extent No. of Respondents Percentage (%) High Medium Low Total 22 24 04 50 44 48 08 100 Graph No. 13 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the extent of ads. played role in purchase of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. No. of respondents 8 44 High Medium 48 Low Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that advertisement had played a high role in purchase for 22 (44%) respondents, Medium role for 24 (48%) respondents and less role for 4 (8%) respondents. 6 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 14 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the Brands they purchased. Premium Brands No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Van Heusen Louis Philippe Park Avenue Allen Solly Zodiac Arrow Others 12 14 06 13 08 16 14 24 28 12 26 16 32 28 Graph No. 14 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the Brands they purchased. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 3 0 25 20 15 10 12 5 0 Va n He us en Louis Phillipe Pa rk Ave nue Allen Solly 14 16 13 6 8 14 Zodia c Arr ow Othe rs Inference:It can be inferred from the table and graph that 12 (24%) respondents purchased Van Heusen. 14 (28%) purchased Louis Philippe. 6 (12%) respondents had purchased Park Avenue. 13 (26%) respondents purchased Allen Solly. 8 (16%) respondents purchased Zodiac. 16 (32%) respondents purchased Arrow. 14 (28%) respondents purchased other brands. 47 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 15 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the factors influenced them while purchasing of Premium Branded Shirts. Factors No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Brand Name PriceQuality Style Colour Others 34 22 42 18 16 08 68 44 84 36 32 16 Graph No. 15 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the factors influenced them while purchasing of Premium Branded Shirts. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 34 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Br and Nam e 42 Pr ic e Qua lity 22 18 Style 16 Colour 8 Othe rs Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that factors influenced respondents while purchasing. 34 (68%) respondents influenced by Brand Name. 22 (44%) respondents influenced by Price. 42 (84%) respondents influenced by Quality. 18 (36%) respondents are influenced by Style. (12%) respondents are influenced by Colours and 8 (16%) respondents are influenced by other factors. 48 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 16 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to what made them to think the particular shirt belongs to Premium class. Factors No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Brand Quality Durability Price Total 19 16 07 08 50 38 32 14 16 100 Graph No. 16 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to what made them to think the particular shirt belongs to Premium class. No. of re sponde nts

Comparative study of three children literature books

Comparative study of three children literature books Introduction There are many literature methods that are used to enable the student understand the meaning of the story or what the author wants to convey. When writing children books, it is imperative that these literal devices as well as the language be carefully formulated so as to enable the children understand the message be conveyed and also for the reader to learn the lesson that the author wants to convey.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Comparative study of three children literature books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The plot of the story must be carefully organized such that it is coherent and the children understand the story. Various authors use different literal devices so as to convey the message to the child and also ensure that he enjoys reading the book as well as in deriving meaningful teaching from the stories (Zile Napoli 9). In this work, a comparative analysis of three books with the st ory of Thumbelina was carried out. The main aim was to compare and contrast the different aspects and literal devices that authors used to convey the message to the child. The story The three fairly tail books present the same story of Thumbelina. The plot starts with the magical birth of the girl. After she is born, she is happy and her mood is jovial till the day she is taken by the mother toad who wants her to marry her ugly son. The girl is kept floating on a lily leaf at the middle of the river and she can’t be able to escape. At this point, the books show that the girl in a sad mood as she doesn’t want to be married by the ugly frog. The girl is rescued from the trap by fish who chew the stem of the lily allowing her to escape. After escape however, she does not go to her original home, rather, she is swept by the river until she is captured by the bug. The bug saves the girls and then takes her to a leaf. However, the other beetles are not pleased with her and t hey consider her ugly. The beetle agrees with the perception of the others and lets the girl go. Thumbelina then lives in the glass where she eats nectar for survival. At this point the girl is happy but the cold season of winter affects her as she does not have food and shelter. She is again rescued by a rat who takes her to her home. She is to stay in the house until winter is over. During her stay, she is happy and helps the old mouse in cleaning the house. Her life seems happy but again she is thrown into confusion when the rich mole who stays underground wants to marry her. She again becomes confused as she does not want to marry the mole and stay underneath the ground in darkness.Advertising Looking for assessment on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thumbelina then rescues a sparrow at the verge of death. She nurses the sparrow until she recovers and flies away. Just before she gets marri ed to the mole, the sparrow she saved rescues her and she takes her to a good kingdom where there will be no winter. In the new kingdom, Thumbelina finds people who are exactly like her. The prince of that kingdom falls in love with her and she marries her. Then the girl becomes happy in her life. The plot of the story is an important aspect (Tara 7). All the three story leave the child with suspense and this makes him want to read ahead and find out what happened to the poor girl. The author swings the mood of the child from sadness to happiness and from certainty to uncertainty. The story begins with a sad mother who then gets happy after getting Thumbelina. This mood swings to uncertainty when the toad kidnaps the girls. The tone then changes to sadness when the toad frog proposes; this mood and tone swing ensures that the kid is interested to know what happened next. These changes ensure that the child get some suspense and wants to continue reading. There is also a systematic f low of events that ensures that the girl returns to her people. This does not happen just once but the girl passes through a lot of uncertainty so as to reach her people and to become the princess. Use of illustrations and pictures One of the main aspects in the three children books is the use of illustrations so as to convey the message to the children. In all the three books, we find that the use of pictures being predominant in all the pages. The use of pictures enables the child to visualize how the character in the story looked like. The pictures also enable the child to perceive a given scenario that is being narrated in the story. For example when Thumbelina is born from a flower, we see a big flower busting (Biro 177). Also when the frog carries Thumbelina, the picture portrays the same theme. Most of the illustrations are used when unveiling a new plot in the story. When the writers is indicating a new development in the story, he uses pictures to illustrate this event, for example, when the frog take Thumbelina for be the wife to her son, the illustrations shows this concept (Biro, 177 Tanner, 7 ). Pictures enable the child to create their own imaginations and also connect the character they see in the books with the event that’s taking place. This enables them to perceive the books as being real to them (Nikki 5).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Comparative study of three children literature books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The illustrations are also used to create a mood and the tone of the story. When Thumbelina is taken captive by the frog and the mole, we see her crying and the pictures also show the same effect. The use of pictures to create a given mood to the mind of the child reader is important as the child can closely follow the story and understand. The pictures in these stories are also used to provide entertainment to the child reader. In all the thre e books, we find attractive pictures about the unfolding story. These pictures are used to entertain the kids as they learn the story. There is need to capture the attention of the child by drawing pictures to represent the aspect be discussed. Through this entertainment, the child can study the whole books without be distracted or lacking concentration. Pictures are also used to enable the child recall what different pictures means. In Tanner, (4) book, the reader is first supposed to understand what different pictures mean and then apply them as he reads the story. Through these pictures, the children ability to recall the meaning of the pictures is tested. Use of large print Another method that is used is the large text and pictures. These enable the child to read with ease. Children are likely to get bored if they have to strain reading. This large text enable them read with ease and also understand the story without straining. In the three story books analyzed, we find that lar ge texts are used throughout the story. In additions to ease of learning, the use large text provides a lot of enjoyment to the kids when learning as they don’t have to struggle so as to read. The use of onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia writing entails the use of language to describe what is happening in the story. The story describes what the writer sees smells, touches and tastes. In this story we find the use of onomatopoeia writing be very common. For example when the frog’s son sees Thumbelina, all the frog could say was â€Å"croak, croak croak†( Biro 181). The book also says that the birds sang â€Å"tweet, tweet what a beautiful girl† (Biro 183). However, the use of descriptive language is not found in the other two fairy tale bookAdvertising Looking for assessment on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Use of descriptive writing Use of descriptive witting is also common in the story. In descriptive writing, the author describes a given event so that the reader can get a grasp of what is going on. In the three storybooks, the use of descriptive writing is found in most parts of the books. Most of the events are described in full and this enables the reader to understand what the story is all about. In the three fairly tales, there are a lot of instances where the descriptions are used. For example, Thumbelina living conditions and what she used to do before she was taken by the frog are described at length so as to bring the notion that she was happy and comfortable. There is a lot of descriptive writing is used to describe every place where Thumbelina goes to. For example, when he was rescued by the fish, the author describes how she floated and birds would sing for her. The winter is described as be very cold and Thumbelina was very hungry. Literary exaggerations One of the most used themes in the children books is extraordinary exaggeration. Most of the exaggerations appears not real to an adult but to a child, it is real. Literal exaggerations are found in all the three books under study. In Biro (p 189) book, the mole is depicted as having a big house underground â€Å"he is very rich and has a big house underground†. Another exaggeration is when the fish saw Thumbelina crying, they nibbled the stem of the lily plant so as to rescue her from the frog. In the story we find the fish recognizing that the Thumbelina was too beautiful to be married by the ugly toad and they nibbled the lily stem Pictures are also used to enable the child recall what different pictures mean. In Tanner (12) book the reader is first supposed to understand what different pictures mean and then apply them as he reads the story. Through these pictures, the children ability to recall the meaning of the pictures is tested. There is also very many instances when animals behave and act like human beings. Again these are aspects of enhance the learning process and bring about enjoyment when reading the book. The birds, the frogs, rat and mole are all able to talk with Thumbelina. The physical size of Thumbelina is also an exaggeration as it is not possible in the real life. The use of exaggerations in story a book is important as it increases the child ability to visualize the aspect that is be conveyed by the author. For example, the mole was rich because he had a big house. By relating this event to a big house, the students are able to perceive the amount of wealth that the mole has. Use of Metaphor and Similes A simile is used in literature to compare two different things. Similes use the words like and as so as to compare a certain character or event to another that is well understood. In the children books, it is imperative to use comparisons so that the child can understand a given aspect based on another aspect that is simple to compare. Similes in cludes words such as ‘as tall as a tree, as fat as a pig†. In the three books, It was found out that similes were used to enable the children understand a particular event. When Thumbelina was born, she is described as â€Å"she was beautiful but no bigger than the young wife’s thumb (Biro 189) and â€Å"the prince thought that she was the most beautiful girl he had ever seen† (Biro 198). The Dyer and stone (2009) book describe Thumbelina as â€Å"she was so tiny that she was only half as big as a thumb† the toad son is described as â€Å"He was as ulgy as his mother†( Dyer and stone 16). Smiles are also used in the Tanner, (3) to compare different aspects, for example Thumbelina is compared to the size of a thumb. The use of similes and metaphor adds value to the story as they help the child reader to connect the two aspects, one is the unknown complex situations and the other is the known less complex aspect (Larry 5). The use of metaphors and similes also enable the child to understand the story in a more precise manner as they can link a particular character to a particular event (Murray and Rosamund 5). In all the stories, a lot of personifications have been used to so as to create value and meaning to some aspects and characters. In the pictures, we see the mouse, the rat, toad and the beetle behaving like human beings. All the activities they do are closely related to the human activity. This creates values in the books as the child is able to relate the current story with a certain event that occurs at home. For example, the mole comes as dressed in human clothing, the rat is portrayed as living in a house and all the animals can be able to talk. Use of recall The use of recall to enable the reader to understand the story by using pictures to describe the characters in the story. Recall can also be tested by asking questions after the child have read the story. This aspect is found in Tanner, 1989 story about Th umbelina. The author first creates a list of pictures for all the characters in the story, then, throughout the story, these pictures are used instead of the name of the character. The importance of using pictures so that the kid can recall the names of the actor is beneficial as it keeps the child actively engaged during the study and also sharpens the child memory. The other two books don’t have this aspect. Use of simple and straight forward language Another aspect of all the three fairly tales analyzed is the use of simple language to communicate the message. The authors understand that the ability of the child to comprehend issues is low and as such, he has to use plain English to explain a particular issue. The use of simple language enable the students to understand the whole story and this important in the learning process of a child. In Tanner, (5) books, the use of pictures in the books instead of word has been done so as to ensure that the kids get an understanding of what the story is about and also recall the name of the characters (Dyer and stone 16) Repetitions Another tool that used in one of the tales is repetition. This is done so as to ensure that the child understand the meaning of the sentences and also links up the current story event with the previous event. For example â€Å"the leaf floated away down the stream and Thumbelina floated too† she floated away from the toad and away from the toad’s son, she floated downstream into the sunshine â€Å"(Dyer and stone 16) here it can be seen that the act of Thumbelina floating and escaping from the toad is repeated severally so that the child can understand and link the previous event and the current development in the story. Conclusions In conclusion, various literally concepts and methods are used in the preparations of children’s books. These literary concepts enhance the learning process and they enable the child understand the story, develop interests in readi ng through the story, get some pleasure and develop a liking for story books. Among the main methods used are; the use of illustrations, similes, metaphors, descriptive writing, repetitions, use of exaggerations, and the use of straight forward language. The use of illustrations enables the reader to understand the current event by linking the words with the pictures. When writing children stories, it is necessary to use similes and metaphor. The use of this technique enables the child to understand complex phenomena by comparing it with a simple event. Another dominant aspect is the use descriptive writing where the author describes a given area, person and event as much as he can. Exaggerations is also another dominant theme, exaggerations are out of the norm events and they are used widely in children stories as they help the child understand what is being described better. Repetition entails describing of a given event over and over again. This helps the children better understa nd the story and further, the students are able to connect the current happening with the previous event in the story. In culminations most of the aforementioned styles are used together so as to develop a clear and coherent story that will impact positively to the children learning process. Biro, Val. Thumbelina. Hans Christian Andersen fairy tales. Print Dyer Berence and Petula Stone. Thumbelina. Leicestershire : Ladybid books publishers.1982. Print Jay, Braiman. Literary devices. Web. Larry Constantine. â€Å"Use and Misuse of Metaphor†. Rowley, MA. Constantine Lockwood, Ltd. Print. Murray Knowles and Rosamund Moon. Introducing Metaphor. New York, Routeledge publishers. 2006. Print. Nikki, Gioyanni. Using literary devices to analyze literature. Tennessee: Claude Mckay. Print. Tanner Jane. The story of Thumbelina. London: Award publication ltd. 1989. Pint Tara McCarthy. Teaching Literary Elements: Easy Strategies and Activities to Help  Kids. London: Harper Collins publ ishers, 1997, Print. Zile, Susan Napoli Mary. Teaching Literary Elements with Picture Books: Engaging, Standards-Based Lessons and Strategies. London: Scholastic Teaching Resources. 2009, Print.