Transistors What Are They and How Do They Work

A transistor is an electronic component used in a circuit to control a large amount of current or voltage with a small amount of voltage or current. This means that it can be used to amplify or switch (rectify) electrical signals or power, allowing it to be used in a wide array of electronic devices. It does so by sandwiching one semiconductor between two other semiconductors. Because the current is transferred across a material that normally has high resistance (i.e. a resistor), it is a transfer-resistor or transistor. The first practical point-contact transistor was built in 1948 by William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter House Brattain. Patents for the concept of a transistor date as far back as 1928 in Germany, though they seem to have never been built, or at least no one ever claimed to have built them. The three physicists received the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work. Basic Point-Contact Transistor Structure There are essentially two basic types of point-contact transistors, the npn transistor and the pnp transistor, where the n and p stand for negative and positive, respectively. The only difference between the two is the arrangement of bias voltages. To understand how a transistor works, you have to understand how semiconductors react to an electric potential. Some semiconductors will be n-type, or negative, which means that free electrons in the material drift from a negative electrode (of, say, a battery its connected to) toward the positive. Other semiconductors will be p-type, in which case the electrons fill holes in the atomic electron shells, meaning that it behaves as if a positive particle is moving from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. The type is determined by the atomic structure of the specific semiconductor material. Now, consider an npn transistor. Each end of the transistor is an n-type semiconductor material and between them is a p-type semiconductor material. If you picture such a device plugged into a battery, youll see how the transistor works: the n-type region attached to the negative end of the battery helps propel electrons into the middle p-type region.the n-type region attached to the positive end of the battery helps slow electrons coming out of the p-type region.the p-type region in the center does both. By varying the potential in each region, then, you can drastically affect the rate of electron flow across the transistor. Benefits of Transistors Compared to the vacuum tubes that were used previously, the transistor was an amazing advance. Smaller in size, the transistor could easily be manufactured cheaply in large quantities. They had various operational advantages, as well, which are too numerous to mention here. Some consider the transistor to be the greatest single invention of the 20th century since it opened so much in the way of other electronic advancements. Virtually every modern electronic device has a transistor as one of its primary active components. Because they are the building blocks of microchips, computer, phones, and other devices couldnt exist without transistors. Other Types of Transistors There are a wide variety of transistor types that have been developed since 1948. Heres a list (not necessarily exhaustive) of various types of transistors: Bipolar junction transistor (BJT)Field-effect transistor (FET)Heterojunction bipolar transistorUnijunction transistorDual-gate FETAvalanche transistorThin-film transistorDarlington transistorBallistic transistorFinFETFloating gate transistorInverted-T effect transistorSpin transistorPhoto transistorInsulated gate bipolar transistorSingle-electron transistorNanofluidic transistorTrigate transistor (Intel prototype)Ion-sensitive FETFast-reverse epitaxal diode FET (FREDFET)Electrolyte-Oxide-Semiconductor FET (EOSFET) Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Pro Death Penalty Speech - 1595 Words

Pro Death Penalty Persuasive Speech It is October 1978 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Roger Stafford; his wife, Verna; and his brother, Harold entered the Sirloin Stockade restaurant and without any remorse or sympathy, brutally gunned down 6 people, 4 of them young teenagers.The gruesome scene depicted five bodie piled atop each other, their blood forming a slick pool that covered the floor and stained the surrounding boxes of ground beef patties and Wisconsin blue cheese. That was not Staffords’ first killings, less than a month before this trio of cold-blooded killers fatally shot a North Dakota family of three. Verna Stafford first lured the family driving in their car, pretending to be a stranded motorist.†¦show more content†¦Some are allowed to publish books while serving life sentences in prison. Many of these murderers brag about their sick crimes and some have even sent letters from prison to the victims families boasting how they enjoyed killing their loved one in gruesome detail. The family is forced to relive the crime again and again. The animals who committed a heinous crime of murder should not escape with lesser punishments and it is only logical to award him/her death penalty. Professor van den Haag, a psychoanalyst and adjunct professor at New York University had this to say â€Å"I hold life sacred, †¦I feel that anyone who takes some one’s life should know that thereby he forsakes his own† (qtd. in prodeathpenalty.com) If these killers are given life sentences or in some cases lesser jail sentences, these animals could be set free to kill again. They are a danger to society as studies have shown that 10% of people convicted of murder will indeed murder again. The victim s families and witnesses that may have testified in court live in fear of retaliation from the free murderer.Some prisoner s who are serving life sentences for murder have even escaped from prison. For example, Michael Rodriguez, sentenced only to life sentence for heinous murder, joined six other criminals in overpowering prison employees in Connolly, Texas in 2001.Show MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Death Penalty Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesDeath Penalty Pro Con Speech Introduction- What is capital punishment? Capital punishment is the death penalty. The death penalty can be dated back to the ancient times and is still prevalent and utilized today. When the topic of the death penalty is brought up it is certain to bring up a discussion and both sides of the argument are often heard. After being presented with facts, statistics and the findings, you will be better educated on the death penalty and will be able to adequately take a standRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is It A Cruel Murderer Or Just A Punishment?707 Words   |  3 PagesWhat are two sides of the death penalty?Is it a cruel murderer or just a punishment? Can not be a deterrent to crime? Capital punishment and the death penalty is the legally commissioned killing of someone as punishment for a crime. Capital punishment is used today and was used for many years to punish a diversity of offenses. Even the bible advocates death for murder and other crimes like kidnapping and witchcraft. When the word death penalty is used, it makes yelling and screaming from both sidesRead MorePersuasive Speech2117 Words   |  9 Pages                  Death Penalty: Good or Bad? Jasmine Garcia and Raymond Osuch Barry University                   Audience Analysis: Primary 1. What kind of problems run through my audiences mind? 2. What is the age range of my audience? 3. What religions do they practice? 4. Where is each audience member from? 5. How many more girls are there than guys are in my audience? Secondary 1. Why is this topic important to them?Read MoreThe Perspective On Abortion From A Utilitarian View933 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyzing the perspective on abortion from a utilitarian view is quite hot and cold. In this we weigh the pros and cons of each situation at hand. â€Å"When there are multiple choices with different utilities, or wen utilities conflict, we should always pick the greatest one.† (Weston p.151) If a person is to decide if a person be executed they must decide, which outcome is the superior one. Killing a man who is possibly innocent or keep them alive but they may not be innocent. In this situation notRead MoreKant and Mills on Capital Punishment Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment has raised debate in America since 1608. Both the â€Å"pro-â€Å" and â€Å"anti-â€Å" sides of the issue have strong arguments. Some believe killing is simply wrong, and violates universal human rights, others seek the only justice they deem appropriate, equal justice. I will examine the philosophies of Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill, with regards to their stance on the death penalty. John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806- 8 May 1873) was born in London, England. He was a renownedRead MoreTexas Is The Lone Star State And Lessons For America1607 Words   |  7 PagesTexas has been a booming success in recent years, even weathering the Great Recession in 2007-2008. Employment growth and businesses moving to Texas because of its low taxes, pro-business environment, and limited government have contributed to Texas’s rise to the financial top. These are factors that should be considered when trying to improve the United States government and economic system. Author of The Texas Model: Prosperity in the Lone Star State and Lessons for America, seasoned politicalRead MoreDon t Get Me Started On The Death Penalty1223 Words   |  5 PagesDon t get me started on the death penalty. I for one am against capital punishment, I think it is barbaric and cruel however I can understand why some may agree with the death penalty. Punishment by death. The sentence that someone be p unished in this manner is a death sentence. The death penalty was first introduced in the eighteenth century B.C. Under the code of the death penalty twenty-five crimes were punishable by death. These crimes included adultery and helping slaves escape. RemarkablyRead MoreThe Positive Effect of Capital Punishment in Modern America1642 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment in Modern America â€Å"I don’t think you should support the death penalty to seek revenge. I don’t think that’s right. I think the reason to support the death penalty is because it saves other people’s lives† (Bush). Capital punishment is one of the most controversial topics in the American society and is also one of the topics most people feel very emotional about. Everyone feels that their views are correct because there are many pros and cons to either side. Although some people believe theRead MoreEssay about Speech Against Capital Punishment1672 Words   |  7 PagesSpeech Against Capital Punishment Good Afternoon, I am honored to be here, and I thank you for having me. Today I would like to speak to you about a very controversial issue- capital punishment. What do those two words mean to you? To most people they mean a murder victims family receiving justice for their deceased. Let me see a show of hands. How many people in the audience believe in the death penalty? I conducted a weeklong survey of two hundred people of all ages. The purpose

Why We Crave Horror Paper Free Essays

Essay 5: Position Paper50 pts Description:4-5 pages, double-spaced, plus a separate MLA-format Works Cited page Skills:Everything! Due:First Draft:Friday, 10 December (in-class discussion) Final Draft:Monday, 13 December (Submit during Final Exam time: 2:45-4:45pm) Sources:Reading Critically, Writing Well (RC) pp. 517-534, 582-595; Stephen King, â€Å"Why We Crave Horror,† â€Å"Crouch End;† Fritz Leiber, â€Å"Smoke Ghost;† Algernon Blackwood, â€Å"The Empty House;† Noel Carroll, â€Å"The Nature of Horror† (optional)For your final paper, you will be required to make use of the above resources to explain, support, and defend your position against critique on the subject of horror in the absence of easily identifiable violence, gore, or monsters. You may argue with or against King and Carroll, or provide your own definition of horror and how it anticipates gore-less horror better than previous definitions. We will write a custom essay sample on Why We Crave Horror Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since there are no right or wrong answers in this discussion, you will be judged on the strength of your argument for your position and how you present your analysis. Assignment: ) Present the issue. †¢ Summarize the King and Carroll definitions of horror and their successes/failings. †¢ Establish your credibility by generously discussing previous arguments on the function of horror. o Make sure to avoid emotional/personal opinions and instead stick to the texts. 2) Assert your position. †¢ Give examples from the readings that fit well/do not fit with the definition of horror as presented by King and Carroll. o Critique your own analysis using any of the Developing Your Argument skills (RC pp. 360-361), as well as Evaluating the Logic of an Argument (p. 24-640. 3) Argue directly for your position. †¢ Continue to establish your credibility with your audience by showing how your position alters/upholds the definition of horror as established. o Be willing to take a side in the argument, but avoid setting up straw-man arguments for the opposition. Carroll and/or King don’t have to be wrong for you to be right.4) Critique any relevant counter-arguments, objections, questions, or alternatives. †¢ Since no position will be perfect, try to accommodate any concerns or issues relating to your discussion of horror. Options (you may choose one or all): ? Accommodation: modify your position to suit relevant objections. ? Refutation: show the reader that any likely alternatives will not be as effective in describing the function of horror as you see it. ? Integration: demonstrate how your position can work together with other options to provide a more comprehensive take on the horror genre.Criteria for Evaluation: †¢ Analysis: 20 points o Has a strong, focused explanation of the sources using RC skills learned so far. o Supports the initial thesis with evidence (i. e. details from the source) and offers in-depth analysis of those details. †¢ Sources: 10 points o Productively uses both the RC and the sources. o Features effective paraphrasing and selective quotation. †¢ Organization: 10 points o Offers strong topic sentences that logically develop and extend the analysis (i. e. , no random accumulation of facts or bullet-point narrative). o Proceeds logically from one point to the next in a climactic sequence. o Clearly links claims and evidence. o Uses smooth transitions between points. †¢ Readability: 10 points o Uses correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and MLA citation. How to cite Why We Crave Horror Paper, Papers

UVA- My Favorite Word free essay sample

What is your favorite word and why? My favorite word? Receipt. Of course, highly descriptive adjectives such as â€Å"incandescent,† â€Å"melancholic,† and â€Å"axiomatic† carry more ‘wow’ factor. But besides the obvious reasons, such as the way its silent ‘p’ dances, hidden, on a speaker’s lips, â€Å"receipt† reflects certain crucial aspects of my character. (Warning: the deed which I am about to confess may horrify some readers.) I planned my college application process on the back of a tiny, slightly creased Chinese restaurant receipt. Admittedly, this action seems quite unorganized and arbitrary, but more importantly, it mimics my inventive, carefree personality. In the past, I have tried to substitute a weekly planner and desktop calendar for my little receipt, but both alternatives failed to cooperate with my disposition. After covering the desk calendar with doodles and the weekly planner with pictures of friends, I decided to throw away both products with the half-hearted intention to try them again another day. We will write a custom essay sample on UVA- My Favorite Word or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That fateful Chinese restaurant receipt did not include in its list of purchases my fortune cookie, the inscribed adage of which reminded me that â€Å"a closed mind is like a closed book; just like a block of wood.† Even after my eternally ravenous Labrador took the liberty of swallowing the little piece of paper, I remembered its beautifully simple message. In life, I like to keep my mind as open as an open book, for it is only in this state that I may truly evolve as an individual, using the powers of optimism to skip off blissfully in the direction of my dreams.